The first symptoms of diabetes

Attention! Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and does not yet exist.

What is diabetes mellitus?Diabetes mellitus is a group of chronic endocrine diseases, the main manifestations of which are absolute or insulin deficiency in the body and the increase in blood sugar. Following the disease, all the metabolism is disturbed: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, mineral metabolism. A violation of acid-base balance is also observed.According to statistical data, from 1 to 8% of people suffer from diabetes, but scientists suggest that the real number of patients is much larger. And this figure increases each year. The number of diabetes sick with children also increases.Attention! Insulin is the only hormone that reduces the level of glucose in the blood and promotes its absorption with cells.Insulin is produced in the pancreatic tissue by its beta cells. The violation of the formation of this hormone following their damage or their violation of its absorption by peripheral cells leads to the fact that diabetes begins.

Diabetes classificationSeveral types of diabetes are known:Type the first previously called dependent on insulin. With him, the failure of the primary insulin hormone is developing, leading to hyperglycemia. Most often, the cause of this pathology is autoimmune damage to the pancreas.The second type, previously called dependent on insulin, but this definition is not exact, because with the progression of this type, replacement insulin therapy may be necessary. In this type of disease, the level of insulin has first remained normal or even exceeds the standard. However, body cells, first of all, adipocytes (fat cells), become insensitive, which leads to an increase in blood glucose levels.Attention! The factors causing the start of the disease are: serious stress, excessive physical activity, hormonal imbalance, transmitted diseases and other significant changes in the body.Also distinguish:Diabetes gestational sugar (in pregnant women).Diabetes as manifestation of genetic or endocrine pathology. In this case, diabetes itself acts as a symptom of a disease.Three degrees of gravity in the disease are distinguished:light;average;heavy.

The initial signs of type I diabetes mellitusThis type of disease more often affects young people and is considered genetically determined. He can already appear in early childhood.The first signs of type I diabetes are taken into account:There is a lot to increase appetite, there is a lot of need, but at the same time, a person does not gain weight or loses weight without physical effort and diet. This is due to energy insufficiency in cells, the cause of which is a reduced absorption of glucose.The incomination of nocturnal urination and an increase in daily diuresis, respectively, improved the consumption of liquid. Polyuria occurs with an increase in the pressure of osmotic urine due to increased filtration of glucose in the urine.The sudden appearance of severe thirst, following which a person drinks up to 5 liters of liquid per day. Polydipsia has several development mechanisms. The first consists in reconstructing the water deficit due to polyuria, and the second is carried out with the irritation of the osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.The appearance of acetonemia, whose signs are the smell of acetone in the mouth, the urine acquires the smell of rotten apples. Acetonemia occurs during the passage of the energy formation path of carbohydrates to fat under glucose deficiency conditions in the cell. At the same time, ketone bodies are formed, which affects the body toxic. Symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting are associated with their influence.With the progression of an ketoacidotic state, the first symptom of beginners disease is a diabetic coma. An increase in general weakness and an increase in fatigue due to altered metabolism, the energy famine of body cells and the accumulation of toxic metabolism.Violation of vision in the form of blur and wave of objects, conjunctiva redness and sculpture in the eyes.Shaky itching, the formation of a small erosion on the skin and the mucous membranes, which do not heal long.Excessive hair loss.The first type of diabetes mellitus is characterized in that it manifests itself strongly, suddenly and often only acute symptoms in the form of severe ketoacidosis to a coma forces to recover this diagnosis.

The initial symptoms of type II diabetesThe second type of diabetes develops in more mature people, having overweight or obesity. Their mechanism for the development of pathology lies in the fact that fat cells are overwhelmed by fat and increased size. Consequently, the quantity and quality of the insulin changes receptors, which leads to insensitivity or resistance to hormone. Under such conditions, glucose is not absorbed.

In the early stages of the second type diabetes, a compensatory increase in the synthesis of insulin insulin occurs through the pancreas, but as the disease progressed, this reserve is exhausted and the absolute system of insulin-adursearies develops. One characteristic of this disease is that its symptoms at the initial stage of diabetes cannot notice a person for a long time. Most people explain the deterioration of their health by age -related changes, overwork and not start with diabetes. The late attraction concerning the disease is also explained by slower progression and erased symptoms than with type I.Reference! Often, type II diabetes is diagnosed by accident at the request of another pathology or a preventive examination.Among the first symptoms of diabetes, the most common are as follows:Polydipsia manifests itself by the increase in alcohol consumption diet up to 4 to 5 liters per day. Such serious thirst is more often in patients of age of maturity. In old age, insensitivity to thirst is observed.Polyuria, in particular the frequent demand for the act of urination, is observed at night.Improve body weight.Increased appetite in particular for sweet foods.Growing weakness, drowsiness, fatigue.Skin itching, especially in the perineum and the genitals.Paresthesia and numbness in the lower limbs and palm trees due to the development of diabetic neuropathy.Pain and tiredness in the legs when walking, a root of rare hair, cooling of the ends due to the defeat of the ships.Furunkulose, candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes, infected with long -term non -scar cracks, injuries, scratches. The other leather symptoms of the disease are: diabetic dermatopathy, bubbles, xanthomas, lipoid necrobiosis, neurodermatitis. All this is a consequence of altered regeneration of the skin and reduced immune reactivity. Periodontal disease and recurring stomatitis.The deterioration of vision following the toxic effects of high concentrations of glucose in the blood (retinopathy, cataract). As a rule, with the second type of diabetes, eye lesions occur much later than at first.Frequent relapses of urinary tract infections, in particular, pyelonephritis, due to hyperglycemia and glucosuria.

Signs of the beginning of diabetes in childrenVery often, type I diabetes mellitus is diagnosed during the development of acute complications in a small patient - diabetic terror or ketoacidotic coma. Parents must be careful if their child has frequent episodes of ketosis or SO cyclical vomiting syndrome. This condition is developing in many people constitutionally subject to children's acetonymic syndrome. It is aggravated by acute respiratory viral infections, infectious diseases and can cause dehydration due to vomiting. But this syndrome goes through itself as the child grows.If ketosis occurs under the age of one or lasts more than 7 to 9 years, the endocrinologist should be examined. However, experts advise any acetonymia demonstration to pass a blood test for glucose. The very first signs of pathology in children are:Polyuria;Polydipsia;Net weight loss.If these diabetes symptoms could not be recognized, a child can develop ketoacidosis with such characteristic symptoms:abdominal pain;vomiting, nausea;dry skin;frequent breathing;dizziness;The smell of acetone in the expired air, in the urine, vomits;Lethargy, drowsiness;Loss of consciousness.

Important! If the symptoms of ketoacidosis appear, you should ask for emergency medical help!

The start of diabetes sugar in menIn the genital sphere of men suffering from this disease, there are also changes due to an impairment of innervation (neuropathy) and blood supply to reproductive organs. These symptoms are characteristic:reduced libido;alteration of unstable erection;Infertility due to a decrease in mobility and the number of viable forms of sperm.He also often has itching in the genitals due to the irritating effect of the secret of sweat with a high concentration of glucose.

Diabetes disorders in womenA variety of signs of this disease are observed with damage to a woman's reproductive organs:decrease in sexual interest;irregular menstruation;The drought and itching of the mucosa of the genitals, the candidiasis of the vagina;non-infinition of pregnancy;infertility.In pregnant women, a special type of diabetes sometimes occurs - gestational. Consequently, when observing a pregnant woman, the doctor must direct the woman in time for an oral tolerance test for glucose and regularly monitor general urine analysis to detect glucosuria.

What to do when identifying diabetes symptoms?It is best to contact an endocrinologist who will tell you what exams you need to undergo to confirm the diagnosis. Laboratory examinations include:Blood test for the level of fasting glucose:Tolerance to the oral test for glucose to detect pre-antiabetics;blood test for glycosylated hemoglobin;Urine analysis for glucosuria;Urine analysis for acetone.Other laboratory and instrumental methods are used to identify the complications of the disease.Thus, it is necessary to relate in a responsible manner to a state of health in order to identify the first signs of diabetes over time.